Which populations are specifically contraindicated for the use of bacteriostatic diluents?

The use of bacteriostatic diluents is contraindicated for neonates and infants due to the presence of benzyl alcohol, which is commonly found in these diluents. Benzyl alcohol has been associated with a potentially fatal condition known as "gasping syndrome" in this population. This syndrome is characterized by respiratory distress, metabolic acidosis, and neurological impairment, particularly in neonates who have an immature liver and are unable to metabolize benzyl alcohol effectively. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid bacteriostatic diluents when compounding medications for neonates and infants to ensure their safety and avoid serious adverse effects.

In contrast, adults, children over 12 years, and pregnant women do not have the same sensitivity to benzyl alcohol as neonates and infants, allowing for the safe use of bacteriostatic diluents in their cases, provided they do not have other contraindications.